ABSTRACT
In many commercial applications1-4 and in road safety systems, vehicular delay-tolerant networks have been envisioned to be useful. For example, a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can be used to alert drivers of tra c jams ahead, help balance tra c loads, and reduce traveling time. It can also be used to propagate emergency warnings to drivers behind the vehicles in an accident in order to prevent compounding on accident that has
already taken place. Transportation safety issues have been addressed in Refs. 1 and 3, where vehicles communicate with each other and with static network nodes such as tra c lights, bus shelters, and tra c cameras.
