This chapter reviews the European Union (EU) and China's policy principles in Africa. It attempts to explain what factors are behind their differences and the transformation of their policies. The chapter also aims to evaluate whether the transformation of their policies in Africa can contribute to an increasing common ground of interests to address development issues in Africa. It focuses on the role of the EU and China in Sudan to evaluate the possibility for EU–Chinese cooperation in response to Sudan's demands and address both governance and development. The chapter argues that the EU and China have different strategies towards Africa. The EU's approach is characterised as being focused on the governance agenda – on democratisation, good governance and rule of law, whereas China prioritises a development agenda that believes economic development is fundamental to improving the situation in Africa.