ABSTRACT
Several issues have arisen about the state of being of dairy cattle in agricultural production systems. A review of the status of these matters as of 2004 follows.
Absence of Suckling
Calves weaned shortly after birth and kept singly are deprived of the opportunity to suckle. There is evidence that this is stressful to the calf and can have psychological consequences later. Offering the calf some object for nonnutritive suckling can largely circumvent this problem.
