ABSTRACT
The importance of supplying hygienic, clean, and potable water can hardly be overstressed. Clean water is required for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Surveys reveal that approximately 79% of the available water is salty, 20% is brackish, and only 1% is fresh. Therefore, solar energy, which is free and abundant, is being utilized in the process of desalination of brackish water to produce drinking water. Today, the majority of health issues are due to nonavailability of clean drinking water. In recent decades, most parts of the world have been receiving insufficient rainfall resulting in increased water salinity. The pollution of water resources is increasing drastically due to a number of factors, including growth in population, industrialization, and urbanization. These activities adversely affect the water quality in rural areas and that used for agriculture. Globally, 200 million hours are spent each day, mostly by woman, to collect water from distant, often polluted sources. In the world, 3.575 million people die each year from water-related diseases. A majority of the rural people are still unaware of the consequences of drinking untreated water.
