ABSTRACT
In this entry, the field of quantum plasmas, a generic exotic state of highly ionized matter where quantum effects are relevant, is reviewed; for example, by dense plasmas arising in strong laser irradiation of solid targets, in compact astrophysical objects such as white dwarfs or neutron stars, solid-state plasmas, and ultrasmall electronic devices. The early developments in the subject are described. A concise account of the microscopic and macroscopic approaches to quantum plasmas is given. New advances are also mentioned, with an emphasis on relativistic and exchange effects.
