Logic

The deep history of logic is typically associated with ancient Greek thinkers like Aristotle, and their pursuit of rules of reasoning. These historical roots continue to flow through the development of modern mathematics, for example, with the Leibniz goal of reducing thought to calculation. The general impetus for the use of logic within artificial intelligence (AI) first arose with John McCarthy’s proposal for an advice taking program (McCarthy). Logic studies the principles of reasoning. As a scientific discipline, logic has found a wide range of applications in many disciplines, which include computer science and artificial intelligence. In the design of AI systems, logic has often been regarded as one of several knowledge tools. Prepositional logic was first proposed by the English mathematician George Boole to specify a way in which elementary sentences called propositions can be combined using connecting words like and, or, and not.