ABSTRACT
Introducing microorganisms by a contaminated pharmaceutical product parenterally or through broken skin into the body cavities can result into disease and mortality. Pharmaceutical products such as injections, ophthalmic preparations, irrigation fluids, dialysis solutions, and medical devices implanted in the bodymust be and remain sterile. Therefore, sterilization is an essential stage in the manufacturing of any product that might be injected, or targeting mucosal surfaces, broken skin, and internal organs.
