ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 13.1 Groundwater and Seepage............................................................................................ 567 13.2 Graphical Solution to Groundwater Problems: Flow Nets...................................... 568
13.2.1 Estimation of the Coefficient of Hydraulic Conductivity .......................... 569 13.3 Numerical Modeling of Groundwater Flow .............................................................. 571 13.4 Analytical Modeling of Groundwater Flow............................................................... 573
13.4.1 Conformal Mapping......................................................................................... 573 13.4.2 Complex Flow Velocity.................................................................................... 576
13.5 Dewatering of Excavations............................................................................................ 576 13.6 Basic Environmental Geotechnology........................................................................... 577
13.6.1 Design of Landfill Liners................................................................................. 578 13.6.1.1 Design Consideration for Clay Liners........................................... 579 13.6.1.2 Design Considerations for Geomembrane layers ....................... 579
13.7 Application of Groundwater Modeling Concepts in Environmental Geotechnology ..................................................................................... 579 13.7.1 Analysis of Seepage toward Wells................................................................. 580 13.7.2 Uniform Flow in an Aquifer ........................................................................... 582 13.7.3 Transport of Contaminants ............................................................................. 583
13.7.3.1 Derivation of the Location of the Stagnation Point .................... 583 13.7.3.2 Determination of the Contamination Zone .................................. 584
13.8 Design of Filters .............................................................................................................. 587 13.8.1 Design of Soil Filters ........................................................................................ 587 13.8.2 Design of Geotextile Filters ............................................................................. 588
13.8.2.1 Transmissivity of a Geotextile ........................................................ 588 13.8.2.2 Permittivity of a Geotextile ............................................................. 588 13.8.2.3 Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile ........................................ 588
References ................................................................................................................................... 593
Seeping groundwater has a major impact on the design of earthen structures. Stability analysis of soil slopes in groundwater flow regimes requires the knowledge of seepage in
regimes caused by differential hydraulic heads. Therefore, an analysis of groundwater seepage is essential in the design of water-retaining structures when estimating the uplift forces.
