Cogn) ..................................... 116 7.7.5

Pterocarpus marsupium

(Papilionoidae)............................................................. 117 7.7.5.1 Clinical Studies ...................................................................................... 117

7.7.6

Ficus bengalonsis

L. (Moraceae).......................................................................... 118 7.8 Clinical Studies on Combination Formulas................................................................. 119

7.8.1 Ayush-82 ............................................................................................................... 119 7.8.2 MA-471 .................................................................................................................. 119 7.8.3

Abraga Chendooram

............................................................................................... 120 7.8.4 D-400...................................................................................................................... 120 7.8.5

Sandan Podia

.......................................................................................................... 121 7.8.6

Kadal Azhinjil Choornam

and

Triphala

Tablets .................................................. 121 7.8.7 M-93 ....................................................................................................................... 121

7.9 Summary and Discussion............................................................................................... 121 7.9.1 Future Research Areas ........................................................................................ 122

7.9.1.1 Toxicity Studies...................................................................................... 122 7.9.1.2 Biochemical and Pharmacological Studies ....................................... 122 7.9.1.3 Clinical Studies ...................................................................................... 122

References ................................................................................................................................... 123

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is described in Ayurveda as

madhumeha

kshaudrameha

,

which literally means “excessive urine with sweet taste like honey,” or

dhatupak janya vikriti

, which means a disease caused by a defective metabolism leading to derangement in body tissue (seven

dhatus

) transformation process. Historically, Ayurvedic texts have described 20 types of urinary disorders (

pramehas

) based on the predominant dosas (10

kaphaja

, 6

pittaja

, and 4

vataja

urinary disorders) and physical characteristics of the urine (e.g., volume, color, odor, taste, sediments, solid particles, presence of seminal fluid, and mucus). The urine is discharged in excessive quantities and is generally turbid. DM is one of these

pramehas

that may occur in any of the three (

vata,

kapha,

or

pitta

) body constitutions. DM is a very common health problem; almost 3% of the world population or 100 million

people suffer from it.