ABSTRACT
The functions of the large intestine include microbial fermentation, formation and storage of feces, and recovery of water and electrolytes. It is well recognized that the maintenance of these functions plays an important role in human health. Cell populations in the intestinal mucosa are normally maintained in equilibrium by balancing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an intrinsic mechanism of cell suicide, is associated with the removal of damaged cells, and is considered a protective effect. It is widely accepted that the accumulation of mutations in specific genes controlling cell division, apoptosis and DNA repair may result in carcinogenesis. Dysregulation of either proliferation or apoptosis may contribute to an increase in neoplastic cells. Certain foods and nutrients have been identified which are thought to exert an effect on apoptosis. In particular there has been much focus on the pro-apoptotic effects of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate, prebiotics and other bioactive food components as well as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
