ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the structure of proteins and peptides. It focuses on the stability of proteins and peptides, and pharmacokinetics of biological. The chapter explores the routes of administration of proteins and peptides. It also focuses on handling of protein and peptide drugs. The chapter provides the regulatory aspects of biological. Peptides and proteins are made up of simple building blocks called amino acids. Amino acids are usually classified by the acid/base or polar/nonpolar property of the side chain. Physical instability is a concern with peptides and proteins and is generally caused by changes in the protein’s conformation, referred to as denaturation. Aggregation and precipitation is often the end product of protein instability and denaturation. Proteolysis is the hydrolysis of the peptide bond between amino acids in a peptide or a protein. There are several reactive amino acids that may undergo oxidation in peptides and proteins.
