ABSTRACT
COGO, an acronym for COordinate GeOmetry, was originated by C.L. Miller in 1959 and his staff at MIT as a part of the Integrated Civil Engineering System project (Harlow, 1991; COGO Command Descriptions, 1900; Miller and Lin, 1900). Originally, COGO was developed to teach a way of thinking more than a way of solving geometric or surveying problems. More recently, COGO has been modified, customized, and extended at a number of computer centers and software companies (as will be shown later in Section 59.4) to solve geometric problems in control surveys, highway design, right-of-way surveys, interchange design, bridge geometry, subdivision work, land surveying, and construction layout.
