ABSTRACT
Several temperate nut species, such as almond (Prunus amygdalus), chestnut (Castena spp.), pecan (C. illinoensis), and pistachio (Pistacia vera), have high rates, which would help meet the energy demands of a developing nut. The almond is closely related to other stone fruits such as peaches, plums, and cherries. Genetically, almond is more similar to roses, and apples than other nut species. However, within almond, there is much more genetic diversity than in closely related species such as peach. Consequently, there is great conspecific variability in phenology, growth, and bearing habit. Castanea spp, generally grow fast and have rot-resistant wood. Few generalities can be applied to the environmental physiology of temperate nut species. Nut crops have colonized a wide range of habitats. Temperate nut species require a period of cool/cold winter temperatures followed by warm temperatures for normal budbreak, growth and development.
