ABSTRACT
Over the last 30 years, botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) has become the most popular minimally invasive cosmetic procedure in the United States. When used alone, BoNTA effectively reduces the appearance of dynamic rhytides and superficial lines, and is able to alter the contours of a face—widening the eyes, for example, or sculpting a jaw—but fails to address the underlying loss of volume or changes in skin texture or pigmentation that occur over time. As a result, neurotoxins are increasingly used in conjunction with other interventions. Statistics show that nearly half of all cosmetic patients in the United States requesting minimally invasive interventions received multiple cosmetic procedures at the same time in 2014. Combination therapy with BoNTA, soft-tissue fillers, and light or energy-based therapies often procures a kind of synergy, leading to enhanced aesthetic outcomes of greater duration.
