ABSTRACT
The data in this chapter are supported by a Medline search using the key words staging of head and neck cancer. The author also consulted the International Union Against Cancer booklet TNM classification of malignant tumours, eighth edition 1 and AJCC cancer staging manual, eighth edition. 2 The nature of staging has meant that the data to support the concept have been largely drawn from retrospective and observational studies (level 3). Much of the systems development has been through the opinion of expert panels using these data (level 4).
