ABSTRACT
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 90% of all primary kidney cancer cases and approximately 3% of all adult cancer diagnoses. In 2012, approximately 350,000 people were diagnosed with RCC, making it the seventh most common cancer worldwide (1). RCC is 1.5 times more common in men than women, and the peak incidence is between 60 and 70 years of age (2). Varied rates of incidence are seen worldwide, with the highest rates found in Europe and North America. The highest incidence of RCC in Europe is in the Czech Republic (up to 22 cases per 100,000), with high rates also seen in the rest of Europe, North America, and Australia. Relatively low rates are seen in Africa and Southeast Asia: <1/100,000 (1,3).
