ABSTRACT
Significant progress in the understanding of cancer pathogenesis and the rapid development of genomic and molecular profiling have led to a shift in cancer treatment paradigms (1) from relatively non-specific cytotoxic agents to more selective, mechanism-based anticancer agents and cancer immunotherapy (2). Imaging plays an important role in the development of these drugs as it provides objective assessment of efficacy, evaluation of drug-induced toxicity, and the opportunity for imaging-guided tissue collection, vital for molecular biomarker-driven trials and proof of a drug's mechanism of action. This chapter will review the most commonly used imaging-based response assessment tools and their advantages and shortcomings.
