ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a case study of a 31-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who is persistendy pyrexial despite 5 days of meropenem and vancomycin. It provides a discussion on clinical management, prevention, epidemiology, biology, and pathology of this case. Aspergillus species may provoke an allergic response in the host, most commonly as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in cases of invasive aspergillosis. Treatment options for invasive aspergillosis include voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B, and some units employ both agents or add in an echinocandin in refractory cases. General measures to reduce the incidence of invasive aspergillosis in at risk patients fall into three main groups: strict adherence to infection control precautions, provision of an appropriate patient environment, and antifungal prophylaxis for higher-risk patients. Antifungal agents with activity against Aspergillus include voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole.
