ABSTRACT
Nontyphoid salmonella (NTS) is usually acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food or water products. Uncooked shell eggs, pork, and beef are the most common sources of the infection. There are two main species of Salmonella, which are S. enterica and S. bongori. Salmonella infections are contracted by oral ingestion of the pathogen, with the bacteria penetrating the intestinal epithelia in order to induce disease. The bacteria are transmitted through a variety of recognized sources, including food sources, waterborne sources, pets, and nosocomial transmission. NTS infections are proved to be from a foodborne source in approximately 95% of cases. After Campylobacter, NTS is the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogen when a laboratory diagnosis of diarrhoea is investigated. The most important serovars to comment upon are Typhi, Enteritidis, Paratyphi, Typhimurium, and Choleraesuis. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of both typhoid and paratyphoid fever and those nontyphoidal salmonella infections requiring antimicrobial treatment include ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol depending on sensitivities.
