Seismological investigation of deep structure of active faults using scattered waves and trapped waves

It is essential to elucidate the deep heterogeneous structure of active faults not only for understanding the fault geometry and the present seismic activity around the fault but also for estimating the complex ruptures of future large earthquakes along the fault. Seismological analyses using scattered waves and fault-zone trapped waves are considered to be useful approaches for this purpose, and several recent studies are briefly reviewed.