ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses the engineering application of biooxidation processes for aboveground, on-site treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil. It discusses four types of ex situ bioremediation systems for treating petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, including bioreactors, land treatment, composting, and soil mound biooxidation systems. Bioremediation techniques include a number of systems or processes that utilize microorganisms for the treatment of soils and groundwater to degrade or decompose hazardous waste, including petroleum hydrocarbons. Soil mound biooxidation systems are similar in construction and operation to aerated static pile composting systems. For soil mound biooxidation systems, soil permeability and contaminant types and concentration are critical parameters needed to determine the level of nutrients necessary to enhance microbial growth. In comparison with groundwater pump and treat systems and bioreactors, ex situ biooxidation systems require little maintenance. Many bioremediation reports are eager to present attractive cost estimates, and often these estimates are either not comprehensive or do not cite the major factors that influence project costs.
