ABSTRACT
This contribution describes a water balance study of the Lower Gugera Branch Canal in the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan is located between 24 and 36 degrees northern latitude and between 62 and 76 degrees eastern longitude. The most fertile part of the country is the Punjab, with plains formed by the river Indus. The topography of the Punjab is flat with an average slope of 0.2 m per km. Soils are largely medium to fine textured with a high ratio of silt and clay, low in organic matter and have a poor structure. The climate is semi-arid with a summer monsoon season. The summers are long and hot, from April to September, with temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 50°C. Winters are cool and night time temperatures can be low, but frosts are rare. The average annual rainfall on the Indus plains is about 300 mm; half of this is recorded during the months of July and August.
