ABSTRACT
Liquefaction, in all its forms, is simply another aspect of the constitutive behaviour of soil and can only be understood in the context of a theoretical model that sensibly reproduces soil behaviour. One such proper model - NorSand - is outlined and the fit to test data illustrated for static liquefaction. Several issues are then considered using NorSand including: behaviour at low effective stress; the pseudo steady state; silty soils; inference of state from CPT (including stress level normalisation); and, an appropriate framework for understanding the residual strength case histories. The paper concludes by illustrating the importance of localisation to liquefaction of compact soils. Although localisation may seem to be of only academic interest, it is crucial to practical engineering of many potentially liquefiable soils and needs urgent study.
