ABSTRACT
Urticaria, thrombophlebitis, and swelling of fracture areas have occasionally been reported in adults, but complications were not observed in children by E. D. Carrel and E. J. Eyring. Thrombophlebitis has been reported with the use of chloroprocaine, and methemoglobinemia with prilocaine. However, the lowest blood levels of local anesthetic after intravenous (i.v.) regional anesthesia are measured after the use of prilocaine, which also provides pain relief of longer duration. The mode of action of i.v. regional anesthesia remains controversial. Ketamine has been occasionally used for i.v. regional anesthesia. In i.v. regional anesthesia, the potential hazards of toxic reaction are great. There are very few indications for digital nerve blocks in pediatric anesthesia. Incomplete anesthesia may result from insufficient exsanguination of the limb and, of course, accidental deflation of the cuffs. Basically, there is only one technique of i.v. regional anesthesia.
