ABSTRACT
As athletes seek to improve their performance and reduce the severity of injuries, they may seek new dietary means toward this end. Athletes frequently take over-the-counter supplements containing macroelements. Supplements containing macroelements commonly taken by athletes include magnesium, phosphate, calcium, and electrolytes. Sports beverages containing water and electrolytes as well as sugar are consumed universally by athletes and by many nonathletes. Fluid replacement before, during, and after an athletic event, especially those lasting over one hour, is of importance to all athletes. Sports beverages are an essential for the athlete. Macroelements, water, and electrolytes are of importance in sports nutrition. These nutrients are needed in adequate amounts for optimal physical performance. At the present time, data are insufficient for the establishment, with any degree of certainty, of macroelement, including electrolyte, requirements for sport or exercise.
