ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the current state of phase diagrams and bulk crystal growth of the lead chalcogenides. The most important techniques used for preparation of the lead chalcogenide crystals are the melt and vapor-growth techniques. A major prerequisite for preparation of high-quality lead chalcogenide crystals is the availability of high-purity containers, starting metals, and chalcogens. Vapor growth techniques are based on the vapor–solid phase reactions that occur when the building blocks of a material are transported through vapor and then incorporated into the crystal. In the case of the lead chalcogenides, a successful growth with reasonable growth rate can be reached because lead chalcogenides sublime as molecules and constitute the major part of the total pressure in the growth ampoule. In comparison with vapor growth, the vapor–liquid–solid technique suggests more high-growth rates. The melt layer ahead of the crystallized solid being too thin for convective flow to occur in it leads to uniformity of composition.
