ABSTRACT

The principles underlying a linear elastic finite element analysis for geomechanical problems are discussed in this chapter, including the cases of both static and dynamic loading. It is now necessary to introduce some basic concepts and equations related to the elastic properties of a simple finite element. The most popular, and perhaps useful, method of element formulation employs isoparametric finite elements, and discussed because of its general applicability to many different types of two- and three-dimensional element. The most common loading conditions are due to the self-weight of the constituent material and superstructure, surface loading due to hydrostatic fluid forces acting on impermeable interfaces, forces acting within geomechanical regions due to changes of fluid pressure, loads generated by temperature changes and prescribed movements of walls or other structures supporting soil or rock masses. Initial stress is defined as the stress which exists in a structure or foundation before the considered loading, or load increment, is applied.