Biomechanical response simulation of tetrahedral mass-spring model of intervertebral disc in a spine segment with haptic interface

Two significant design changes (larger contact surface area and different metal component of the end plates) have resulted in the SB III used today in Europe. Spine arthroplasty has the benefit of maintaining the functional range of motion of the spine, unlike arthrodesis which immobilizes the spinal unit, effectively reducing the spine’s range of motion (Cunningham 2004, Denozière & Ku 2006). Therefore, it is obvious that the replacement of the degenerated disc with an artificial disc becomes more effective and popular than other methods.