ABSTRACT
Over the centuries, three-dimensional measurements for anthropometric and aesthetic purposes have aroused great interest among artists and researchers, who have proposed useful methods for defining and representing human facial features. A fundamental contribution to the scientific approach and method was offered in the sixteenth century by the painter Albrecht Dürer in the Treatise “The symmetry of human bodies”: in the second book, in particular, Dürer illustrated very accurately the mathematical method of geometric representation and construction of threedimensional human heads with double orthogonal projections, defining 40 Landmark points from which it was possible to obtain accurate reports of distances, angles and proportions for the representation of 20 types of human faces (Figure 1) [1].
