Improving the seismic robustness of reinforced concrete frames by using locally hybrid steel-concrete columns

The INERD concept (Plumier et al. 2006) is an additional constructive system independent of analysis and design that can be used in reinforced concrete frame structures. It intends to bring robustness to the structure, such as required for example by Eurocode 1 [prEN 1991-1-7: 2004 §1.5.14], i.e. “the ability of the structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original cause”.