Effects of admixture type on air-entrained self-consolidating concrete

The differences between self-consolidating and conventional concrete give rise to complications in producing a matrix that is durable in freezing-andthawing situations. It is well documented that specific limits on the air void characteristics can greatly improve the frost durability of concrete when exposed to water, even in self-consolidating concrete (Khayat 2000). These limits are: specific surface, α, greater than 25 mm−1, and spacing factor, L¯, less than 200 µm.