ABSTRACT
Bulk shipping has been used for many years to reduce the cost of sea transport and the transport of bulk cargoes is a vital component of international trade. Such trades require a sufficient volume of cargo suitable for bulk handling and hence justify a tailored shipping operation. The five major dry bulk cargoes are coal, mineral concentrates, grain, bauxite and phosphate rock, and each year the trade in bulk increases (Roberts M. & Marlow P. 2004).
