ABSTRACT
Modern ship bridges are highly-automated manmachine systems. Safety and efficiency of the ship operations are dependent upon the ability of a watchkeeper to perceive, interpret, and make decisions upon information acquired from the surrounding environment. In the last years a strong increase of modern information systems on ship bridges could be observed. Simple displays and control systems were supplemented or replaced by complex computer-based information systems. In order to support the mariner effectively onboard, a task-and situation-dependent representation of the information is a compelling need. Modular Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) according to the revised IMO performance standards on INS (IMO 2007) combine and integrate the validated information of different sensors and functions and allow the presentation on the various displays according to the tasks.
