ABSTRACT
In urban area, open excavation often cause problems to surrounding ground and adjacent structures. In practical daily design works, however, earth pressure is usually predicted by conventional methods such as a frame model together with Rankine’s earth pressure theory. There is also no appropriate method to predict surface settlements of ground, which is usually predicted by empirical method and/or elastic finite element method. For braced excavation using stepped-twin retaining wall, conventional method cannot taken into consideration properly the influence of nearby structures as well as the construction sequence in evaluating the ground movements and the earth pressure.
