ABSTRACT
Due to recent city developments within the limited land of urban areas, more and more complex facilities are developed under the ground surface, which may cause serious potential damage to adjacent overlying services and structures. Engineers responsible for the design and construction of tunnels should predict tunneling-induced ground movements in order to protect the existing structures and tunnels. There we three different approaches for estimating the potential tunneling-induced ground movements: empirical methods, numerical methods and analytical methods.
