Basal stability of braced excavations in K0-consolidated soft clay by upper bound method

A powerful method of calculating stability is based on the upper and lower bound theory. Chang (2000) analyzed the safety factor of basal stability based on the Prandtl slide failure mode using upper bound theory. Ukritchon et al.(2003) formulated the numerical limit analysis by assuming the anisotropic yield criterion proposed by Davis and Christian (1971). Zou (2004) assumed a kind of complex velocity field and analyzed the basal stability without considering the anisotropic feature of K0 consolidated clay.