ABSTRACT
For deep excavation in congested urban environments, designers are particularly interested in making reliable prediction of the magnitudes of movements in the surrounding soil (Peck 1969, Clough et al. 1989, O’Rourke 1981) and then estimating the effects of these movements on adjacent structures and facilities (Burland & Wroth 1974, Boscardin & Cording 1989). In principle these prediction can be achieved using powerful numerical methods such as finite element analyses, but there is difficulties in achieving reliable analytical predictions of soil deformations which can be attributed to a variety of factors including dewatering.
