ABSTRACT
Numerical back-analysis of in situ monitoring results of multi-supported deep excavations is generally extremely complex (Hashash & Whittle 1996, Finno & Calvello 2005, Delattre 1999): soil characteristics can be heterogeneous or determined with a low degree of confidence, the different stages of the excavation can be difficult to reproduce in a 2D numerical approach, key mechanical parameters can be unknown (for example the actual stiffness of the strut-to-wall contact) and the number of measured quantities such as wall displacements, settlements and strut forces is generally too small to perform a comprehensive comparison between the actual behavior and the numerical results.
