ABSTRACT
Peck (Peck 1969) highlighted the basic points to consider when planning underground works in the case of “soft ground”:
1 the stability of the tunnel with particular reference to the stability of the tunnel face and of the zone immediately behind;
2 the evaluation of the deformations at the face and around the tunnel and, in the case of a tunnel with a low depth, the resulting superficial subsidence;
3 the definition of stabilization actions to guarantee compliance with conditions (1) and (2) and of the lining structure to ensure the long-term stability of the tunnel.
