ABSTRACT
Ground deformations induced by deep excavations in clays have been explored widely (Wong et al., 1997, Hsieh & Ou, 1998, Hsiung, 2002, Liu et al., 2005) but studies regarding observed behaviours of deep excavations in sand are comparatively limited (Burchell, 2000 and El-Nahhas, 2006). In this paper, case histories from excavations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan provide an opportunity to explore structural and ground behaviours induced by excavations in sand. Empirical approaches for evaluating lateral wall movements and surface settlements were studied and discussed. Further, the effectiveness of chemical churning pile for house protection and prediction of prop load were also discussed in this study.
