ABSTRACT
Compared with gap KK-joints, more factors, including the pattern of overlap (the longitudinal overlap, i.e. lap-in-plane and gap-out-of-plane LIGO, or the transverse overlap, i.e. gap-in-plane and overlapout-of-plane GILO) and the presence or absence of the hidden weld, need to be considered for overlapped KK-joints, in addition to the joint geometry parameters (the ratio of the mean diameter of the brace member
to that of the chord β, the ratio of the chord width to twice its wall thickness γ, and the ratio of the mean thickness of the brace member to that of the chord τ), the relative material strengths of the brace member and the chord, and the loading hierarchy reversal as Dexter (Dexter & Lee, 1999) listed.
