ABSTRACT
In the last years, cement industry made several efforts to reach a high level of energy efficiency: Portland clinker production requires elevate temperature process with consequent large fuel consumption as well as CO2 emissions. Different cement constituents (such as natural pozzolana, fly ash, silica fume, granulated blast-furnace, etc.) are added to clinker not only to limit its production, but also to promote cement durability. Moreover, the use of industrial waste for blended cements production has been already assessed, as reported in European standard EN 197-1 where 27 different cement types are exploited.
