ABSTRACT

Although wavelength measurements in spectroscopy have been very well performed with photographic plates and films, photographic intensity measurements were limited by poor dynamic range, nonlinearity, and technical difficulties. However, after development of the photomultiplier there were many measurements of photoabsorption coefficients in the Ultraviolet (UV) and Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) region for many molecules during the period 1960 to 1980.