ABSTRACT
The immune system has a profound impact on the central nervous system (CNS). This is mediated via soluble molecules that circulate in the bloodstream and act on specific populations of supportive cells. The neurophysiological responses that are triggered and/or inhibited by these bloodborne molecules play in return crucial roles in restoring the homeostasis and regulating the innate immunity. Such fine regulation involves the endocrine and autonomic systems, especially the circuits that control the plasma release of glucocorticoids and those that engage and maintain the increase in body temperature (fever). There is also compelling evidence that the brain has its own innate immune system, which is believed to act as sentinel during both viral and bacterial infections. This chapter describes in depth the fundamental mechanisms underlying the influence of circulating inflammatory molecules on the cerebral tissue and the ability of the latter to mount an innate immune response. The physiological relevance and pathologies associated with a deviance of such interplay are also described.
