ABSTRACT
We may be entering an era of significant progress in applications of enzyme films to biosensors, bioreactors, biomedical devices, and fundamental biochemical research. We might expect future biosensors that can detect physiological abnormalities from analysis of blood or urine or even from noninvasive analyses that make measurements through the skin or in the saliva. Multiplexed systems may be developed to provide many biomedical tests simultaneously. Testing patients for genetic diseases via mutated DNA hybridization assays may be possible by using enzyme tags that develop signals via direct electron transfer and electrochemical catalysis.
