Table 1 Definition of Terms used in Genomic and Proteomic Research Term Definition Genome Total genetic information possessed by an individual Genomics Characterization and sequencin g of the genome Functional genomics Systematic analysis of gene activity in healthy and diseased tissues Structural genomics Systematic analysis of the three-dimensional structure of a protein of a protein based on homology to a protein with a known structure Pharmacogenomics Stratification of patients by their genetic susceptibility to disease and responsiveness to dru gs Phenotype Observable properties of an organism produced by the genotype (in conjunction with the environment)

doi:10.1201/9780203910696-42

Chapter

Table 1 Definition of Terms used in Genomic and Proteomic Research Term Definition Genome Total genetic information possessed by an individual Genomics Characterization and sequencin g of the genome Functional genomics Systematic analysis of gene activity in healthy and diseased tissues Structural genomics Systematic analysis of the three-dimensional structure of a protein of a protein based on homology to a protein with a known structure Pharmacogenomics Stratification of patients by their genetic susceptibility to disease and responsiveness to dru gs Phenotype Observable properties of an organism produced by the genotype (in conjunction with the environment)

Chapter

Table 1 Definition of Terms used in Genomic and Proteomic Research Term Definition Genome Total genetic information possessed by an individual Genomics Characterization and sequencin g of the genome Functional genomics Systematic analysis of gene activity in healthy and diseased tissues Structural genomics Systematic analysis of the three-dimensional structure of a protein of a protein based on homology to a protein with a known structure Pharmacogenomics Stratification of patients by their genetic susceptibility to disease and responsiveness to dru gs Phenotype Observable properties of an organism produced by the genotype (in conjunction with the environment)

ABSTRACT

Until recently, biological and biochemical analyses were carried out on single molecules. The dramatic advances in genomic sequencing and mRNA-based analyses of gene expression have generated important descriptive information. The field is now quickly evolving from its primary objectives of information collection, organization, and mining to functional and structural genomics, whereby one uses DNA-based technologies to make inferences about an organism’s structure and behavior mainly through large-scale analysis of gene expression. Advances in the Human Genome Project together with the availability of an increasing number of methods for gene expression have lead

pharmaceutical companies to review their strategies to discover new drugs. However, it is becoming apparent that purely gene-based expression analysis is not sufficient for the target discovery and validation process. There may not necessarily be a tight temporal correlation between gene and actual protein expression [6]. Differences can arise from different stability and turnover of mRNA and protein, posttranscriptional mRNA splicing yielding various protein products, and posttranslational modifications. Proteomics can take these variables into consideration and contribute additional information through expression analysis of subcellular fraction and protein complexes (Fig. 1).