ABSTRACT
Understanding the interactions of proteins with surfaces is important in many fields of biomedical science, from biosensors to biocompatible materials. In the case of biosensor applications, a critical step is to immobilize proteins with intact functions onto the surface of a transducer. Although many proteins can be immobilized by simply letting them adsorb onto the surface, the strong protein-surface interactions often cause denaturation of the proteins [1-4]. To remedy this problem, many methods have been developed [5], one of which is to coat an electrode with an appropriate layer of organic molecules [610]. A novel extension of this method uses alkylthiol monolayers self-assembled on Au electrodes [11-15].
