ABSTRACT
Modern stereotaxis implies that application of all space-defining devices to reach the selected target. The Zamorano-Dujovny (Z-D) stereotactic head frame (F. L. Fischer, Freiburg, Germany) was developed for several reasons: to provide a stable referencing system for several types of imaging studies, such as conventional X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or digital subtraction angiography (DSA); freedom of choice for the surgeon on a patient’s intraoperative position; fully sterile draping; and an unobstructed approach for using conventional neurosurgical and microsurgical intraoperative techniques [1,2].
