ABSTRACT
Surfactants have been widely used in various fields from household and personal care products in the consumer product industry to industrial applications in oil field chemistry, agrochemistry, paint, and coating. Surfactant chemistry is also well established. A mixture of surfactants is always used in applications so as to have an optimized performance from the synergism of the mixture. Despite versatile applications in many industries, surfactants seem old and have not received much attention for many years from industries and scientific organizations. However, since around 1990, when the gemini surfactant became a new category of the surfactant family, considerable interest has been generated in this new class of surfactants from both industrial and academic research organizations, which can be seen from some recent reviews [1-6]. In fact, Dow Chemical, Sasol, and Air Product already have their gemini surfactants or geminisurfactant-based formulations in the market for special applications (Dowfax, Surfynol, and Ceralution, respectively).
