ABSTRACT
Wood 2.3 −13.7a Crossover (172)
22(8/14) Controlled, typical Finnish
4 Wood Spread Stanol ester
0.8 −1.7NS
1.6 −5.6a 2.4 −9.7a 3.2 −10.4a Latin square (218)
34 Partly controlled, hypocholesterolemic
4 Veg. oil Spread Sterol ester
2.0 −12.7a
Wood Stanol ester
2.0 −10.4a
Before and after (140)
6 (3/3) Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic
4 Capsules Free stanol 1.5 −15a
Parallel (303)
32 (32/0)
Controlled, hypocholesterolemic
4.3 Wood Spread 1/5 free stanols+ 4/5 free sterols
1.7 −15.5a
Latin square (110)
15 (15/0) 3 Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 1.8 −13.2a
Controlled, hypocholesterolemic
Veg oil Stanol ester −6.4a
Parallel (251)
224 (101/123)
5 Spread Sterol ester 1.1 −7.6a
Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic
Soybean oil
2.2 −8.1a Parallel (128)
31 (22/9) Ad libitum, normal 9 — Mayonnaise Free sterols 0.7 −6.2NS
Free stanols 0.7 −2.6NS
Stanol ester 0.8 −7.7a,b
Parallel (170)
141 (–/–) Ad libitum, normal 26 Wood Spread Stanol ester 1.8 −8.7a
52 2.6 −13.0a Parallel (255)
62 (26/36)
Ad libitum, normal 8 Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 2.5 −10.0a
22 (18/4) Ad libitum, normal 4 Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 2.4 −13.6a Study 1. Before and after+ crossover
Wood Stanol ester 2.4 −8.3a
Study 2. Crossover (219)
4 Veg oil PS spread vs butter
Sterol ester 2.4 −12.2a
Parallel (304)
318 Ad libitum, normal 8 — Spread Stanol ester 3.0 −10a
Spread Sterol esters
3.0 −5.3a
Spread Sterol esters
3.0 −10.2a
Spread Sterol esters
2.0 −4.2a
Crossover (185)
53 (22/31)
Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic diet
8 Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 1.6 −7.5a
Crossover (198)
(a) 46 (20/26)
3 Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 2.3 −7.7a
Ad libitum, carotenoid-rich diet
Wood Stanol ester 2.5 −9.5a
(b) 35 (20/15)
Veg oil Spread Sterol ester 2.0 −9.6a
Parallel (183)
152 (74/78)
Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic diet
4 Veg oil Spread Sterol esters
2.0 −10.2a
Sterol esters+ cerivastatin
−6.1a
Parallel (178)
67 (47/20)
Ad libitum, normal 6 Wood Mayonnaise Stanol ester 3.4 −9a
15 (11/4) Ad libitum, normal 6 Wood Mayonnaise Stanol ester 0.8 −7.7a Parallel, Before and after (127) 2.0 −15.0a Parallel (182)
14 (5/9) Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic
6 Wood Mayon naise
Stanol ester
1. 5 −1.1N
S Crossover (139)
16 (10/6) Controlled, typical Canadian
3 Soy Butter Free s terols
1. 8 −11.3
a Free st
anols −13.4
a 50:50 mix
of each −16.0
a Before and after (190)
4 (2/2) Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic
12 Wood Spread Stanol ester
2. 2 −11.4
Diabetic adults Crossover (132)
11 (11/0) Ad libitum, normal 6 Wood Spread Stanol ester
3.0 −9a
Crossover (134)
7 (7/0) Ad libitum, normal 7 Wood Spread Stanol ester
3.0 −14a
Parallel (231)
81 Ad libitum, normal 4 Veg. oil Spread Sterol ester
1.6 −6.8a
Healthy children Crossover (233)
19 (8/11) Ad libitum, normal 4 Wood Spread Stanol ester
3.0 −15.5a, e
Children with familial hypercholesterolemia Crossover (237)
38 (19/19)
Ad libitum, hypocholesterolemic
8 Veg. oil Spread Sterol ester
1.6 −10.2a
Before and after (256)
7 (4/3) Ad libitum, hypo cholesterolemic
12 — Pastilles Free sterols
6.0 −17b
Before and after (305)
9 (6/3) Ad libitum, hypoc holesterolemic
12 — Pastilles Free sterols
6.0 −19.5b
28 — Free stanols
1.5 −29.2b
Before and after (306)
14 (7/7) Ad libitum, hypoch olesterolemic
6 Wood Spread Stanol ester
3.0 −15b
Crossover (191)
72 (40/32)
Ad libitum, hypoch olesterolemic
12 Wood Spread Stanol ester
1.5 −7.5a
Before and after (190)
24 (8/16) Ad libitum, hypoch olesterolemic
12 Wood Spread Stanol ester
2.2 −17.9b
Heterozygote sitosterolemics Before and after (217)
2 (1/1) Ad libitum, normal 4 Veg. oil Spread Sterol ester
3.2 −10.8f
a Significant different from control. b Statistically different from baseline (no control product used). c (Non-HDL). d Latin square with five periods and four treatments. e Reduction from baseline as the control group entailed a wheat bran intervention, which changed the dietary intake during the trial. f No statistics performed due to too small power of study. Note: Populations are classified according to their average LDL-C cholesterol concentrations. PS, phytosterol.
